Breaker for electric circuits.



BEST AVA? No. 768,334. PATENTED AUG. 23', 1904. W. J. LLOYD & G. WRIGHT. BREAKER FOR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. APPLICATION FILED JULY 8, 1902. RENEWED JAN. 23, 1904.

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No. 768,334. 7 PATBNTED AUG. 23; 1904. W. J. LLOYD .& G. WRIGHT. BREAKER FOR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. AP PLIOATION'PILBD JULY-8. ELQOZ. RENEWED JAN. 23, 1904.

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WILLIAM J. LLOYD AND GILBERT WRIGHT, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHH SETTS, ASSIGNORS TO THE STAN LEY ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING- CO- PANY, OF PITTSFIEZLD, MASSACHUSETTS, A, CORPORATION or New JERSEY.

B-REAKER- FOR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS.

4 s'racmicarion forming part of Letters Patent .No. 76 ,334, dated August 23, 1904.

. Application tiled m 8, 1902. Renewed-JR To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, WILLIAM J. LLOYD and Gm ERiWRIGHr, citizens of theUnited States,

residing at Pittsfield,-.in the county of Berk- .5 shire, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Breakers for Electric Circuits, of which the 1 following isafulhclear, and exact description. sfflOur-invention' relates. to improvements in melectriealapparatus,

and particularly to breakeritor electric circuits.- Theobiect ofthis invention is, to provide 'cireuitebreaker of substantial construction which will be simple and effective in itsop- It will be ,found to be automatic and adapted to be ad- The hand independentlyand'i's provided with means to we eratiou and of reliable action.

justed to currents of different strengths. breakermay also be operated by .vent setting on an overload.

It consists in the improvements hereinafter as embodied in the construction shown in the accompanying draw- 'to be described and 1ngs. Figure'l 1s a side GIGVRCIOD,

brokenaway, of a device 2 is aside elevation of circuit position.

when closed. Fig. 5

5 the same.

section, of a magnet coil'and cores. Fig. 8

a projection of the'sanie looking upward from the bottom. Fig. 9 is a detail of the guides I Fig. 10 is a vertical 4o projection of the series-magnet coil, part of Fig. 11 shows a detail in the con str notion of the switch-levers. The main terminals 1 and 3 of the circuitbreaker are bolted to a base 37 and weed 45 constructed at the rear as to admit of the insertion of terminal studs -of the circuit into recesses 10 and 30. .These studs are madeindependent of attaching-bolts to admit of easfor the movable core.

the same being broken away.

nuary 23, 1904. Serial No. 190,363-

parts being embodying our invention and in its closed-circuit position. Fig.

a breaker in its open- Fig. 3 is a vertical projection of the device in its closed position, parts being broken away. Fig. 4 is a projection looking upward from the bottom of the device I is a detailed section of a setting-dial. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of Fig. 7 is a detailed view, partly in file model.)

ily changing the studs to suit varying condi tions of switchboard practice and to do so without disturbing the aliuement of contactblocks. When the breaker is closed, the brushes 2 and 21' connect the terminals 1 and 3. These brushes are carried by an arm 4, which is pivoted at 45 to the frame 5. The bell-crank lever 6 61, pivoted also to the frame 5 at 56, is connected to the arm 4 by the link a' 64. The other end of the lever 61 is adapted to engage with an arm 7l-ot the tripping a pawl 7. The handle 81, arm 8, and attached parts are used in breaker by hand. Adjustment of the device to currents of diii'erent strengths is elfected by means of the setting device 9, as will more fully appear. 7

The contact 1 consists of a magnet-coil, one end of which is recessed, as at 10. The other end is broadened out to form a surface for contact with the brushes 2 and 21.

As shown in Fig. 1, the main circuit of' the breaker when in its closed position passes from the terminal at the. coil 1 through the brushes 2 21 to the contact-block 2 and sec-- ond terminal.

The series-magnet coil is shown more clearly in Figs. 1, '7, 8, and 10 and con'sistsof acopper casting formed with two turns providing two openings for the stationary core and for themovable core, respectively, which will be described more fully hereinafter. The main brushes 2 and 21 are carried by a brush-holder 22, to which they are clamped by means of bolts passing through the clamp 23 and into is the brush-holder. Shunt-circuits are provided which permit the current to pass around the main circuit just before or after contact is made or broken by the brushes 2 21. The first shunt-circuit passes from the contact-facing of the the coil 1 through the spring-arm 24, bruslrholder 22, and spring-block 25 to contact-block 3. The spring-arm 24 is so situated that it has a uniform pressure on the face of the coil while the arm 4 is revolved. The brush-holder 22 is adjustabLv secured by the screws41 and 42 to the arm 4. At on the arm 4 is pivoted a lever 43, which carries opening and closing the A v 2 as L t; L: a: 1

the carbon block 44, hinged at its upper end This carbon ,44 contactsdwith another block 7 31,, similarly carried by, the contact-block 3. The second shunt-circuit passes from the facejlot. the series magnet through the springarm' 24, brush-holder 22, strips 26, carbon "block ,44,'through' the carbon block 31, arm

32 'to the contact'block 3. The carrying-arm "32,'which-is pivoted'at 33 and has a slight rotary' movement thereon, is normally actuated by'aspring Theamo'unt'of movement is limited by the-stop-fingers 35' and stop 36. Ina similar manner'the carbon block 44 is bolted to. the carrying-arm 47 and.has a slight movementat theendof the-arm'43. These two blocks are thus so mounted as to permit ,of aflong sliding contact with each other.

.The carboh hlocks on account of their relative positions -have at the moment when the shunt'spring-block25 leaves the contact-block 3 a comparatively large area of contact, thus greatlyreducing' the resistance through the shunt-circuit and preventing .the burning of the brushes 2, 21, and 25in case of short circuit or'abnorrnal' load. I It also insures that a good contact, by reason of the rubbing action, may take placeupon the closing of the breaker.

The longarm 61 of the double lever pivoted at 66 carries 'near its outer'end a pin 62, adapted to engage with a book 71 of the tripping-pawl 7. ,When in the position shown in Fig. 1, this hook engagesthe pin 62, and it holds the parts of the breaker in the closed position. The same axis 56-which carries the two-armed lever 6 61 also carries the hand-controlled lever 8, which is provided with a handle 81. This lever 8 carries an arm 82, pivoted at 83 and so connected at84, as

hereinafter "described, that the arm 82 may have a slight'independent movement upon its pivot 83 for the purpose which will appear,

' The other end of the arm 82 is forked at 85 to provide a recess in which a pin 72, carried by an'arm of the pawl 7, may enter and with which-it 'may-coact. The arm 61 carries a pin 63 in such a position that it may coact'with the beveled face'or heel 86 of the arm 82.

To break the circuit by hand or open the circuit at will, the handle 81 is raised from' the position of Fig. 1 to the dotted position of Fig. 2 The result is that thebeveled face f 86 when drawn downward bythe'movement of the arm 8 slides over the pin 63 and is itself forced to the left about its pivot 83 and car rice with it the pin 72 ofthepawl 7 in the re-' oess 85. This releases the hook 71 r'gpm the pip. 62,2nd the a r.m-6ll'then 't'i'e'e, permitting the toggle-joint -'6 64-to be actuated by the spring 46' a d'the brushes-2,21, and 25 to be moved from the contacts 1 and 3. l The circuit is therefore broken first at the terminals of the brushes 2 and 21, next at the block 25 through the first shunt circuit, and last through the carbon blocks 31 and 44, which are in the second shunt-circuit, as described before. arm 61 is released throws the arm 4 and its attached parts back quickly from the closed position, making a rapid and eflective break of the circuit. At the same time the pin 63 passes by'the heel of the bevel 86 and leaves the'arm 8 free to'fall into its normal position. In order that the second shunt-circuit may be The helical spring 46 as soon as the broken quickly and at the right time, the arm 43, which carries the carbon block 44 at one end,'is pivoted at 40 to the arm 4. Beyond the pivot 40 is provided a short arm with a slotted portion 4:8, which coacts with a pin 54, carried by the. stationary frame 5. 4 The result is that the carbon block 44. instead of having the slight movement which wouldotherwise result in being at the end of a long lever pivoted at 45 has a multiplied movement, due to the swinging of the arm 43 about the pivot 40,;while thelatter is itself being moved about the center 45.

To close the breaker from the open-circuit parts in the closed position.

The automatic breaking of the electric circuit is efi'ected by means of the series magnet 1 and the movable core 11. (Shown particularly in -Figs. 1, 4, and 7.) -One coil of the withthe pin 62 on the arm 61 and lock the IOO magnet surrounds the stationary laminated.

core 12, while the other provides an opening in which the movable core 11 may operate.

The current passing through the magnet-coil i 1 energizesthe core 12 and tends to attract the corell. The controlling air-gap is situated-between the lower part of the upper 11o.

end 13 of the stationary core and the-upper end of the movable core.

guideway 14. Attached-to the movable core 11 is a dog 15, which projects intothe line of movement of one-arm oi the tripp ng-pawl 7. The core 11*is supported by'a projection.

16 from the rack 17 when at rest. When the current passingthrough the series coil 1 is sufficient to raise' the movable core.1 1, the dog 15 cont-acts with the end of the tripping- -pawl- 7. The pawl is then turned-about its pivot, so as to release the hook 71 from the pin 62 and allow the spring 46 to move the In order that core 11 maybe so supported as to be free to move with as little variable resistance possible, we have .provided a ball-bearingarm 4 andto break the circuit in the manner already described. When the pawl is operated, the pin 72 forces the arm 82. down' and allows the pin 63 to pass over the heel of the i" iWAiLAELEi/Ui 768,334

detent 86, leaving the handle and lever 8 down. If it is now attempted to close the circuit while the conditions are such that a continued currentiwould constitute an overload, it will be found that as soon as the circuit is made the core 11 will rise, move the pawl 7, and the pin 72 of the tripping-pawl will hold the slightly-yielding arm 82 to the left, so that the pin 63 of the arm 61 may pass freely to the right under impulse of the spring 46 and pass thehecl of the detent 86. Thus, although the handle 81 is held in the position indicated, the arm 61 will nevertheless automatically have caused the circuit to be broken. There is therefore no possibility of holding the breaker in its closed position by hand against an overoad. in such a case as this will be only that which was suiiicient to raise the core in the magnet. owing to the resistance of the small area of contact of the carbons at that moment.

It is often desirable in devices of thischaracter that the same circuitbreaker may be set so as to automatically operate come of several different current strengths. For this purpose we have provided the setting device vzvhich is particularly shown in Figs. 5, 6, and shaft 91, carries a dial 92, which may be graduated as desired. The inner end of the shaft 91 carries a pinion 93, which cooperates with the rack 17, which sustains the movable core 11. The air-gap between the parts 11 13 therefore may be varied and regulated by raising or lowering the rack 17 by means of.

the knob 9 and pinion 93. In order that the setting device may be locked at the position desired, we have provided a stationary projection94, which may lit into a notch in the edge of the dial, as in Fig. 6. The shaft 91 is provided with a helical spring 95' and a washer 96. The spring acting against the washer tends to hold the dial and insulated knob'9 in the position shown in-Fig. 5. "When,

therefore, it is desired to set the device; the

knob may be withdrawn against the action of the spring and carrying with it the dial 92 until it is free from the projection 94:, when it may be turned to raise or lower the rack 17 and core 11 to the position desired, as indicated by the graduations on the face of the dial. The air-gap can thus be regulated to any desired extent, depending on the capacity and construction of the device.

Fig. 11 shows a method of connecting arms 8 and 82 so as to permit of a slightindependent movement of the two. Arm 82 is pivoted on arm 8 at 83 (shown in Fig. 1) and carries a pin 84, projecting through a hole in arm 8 of larger diameter than pin 8i, as shown by thc'dotted lines. Pressing against pin 84 is phmger 8?, which is pressed forward by spring 88, which in .turn is held by set-screw 89. Set-screw screws into arm 8 and is locked in position by set-nut 90. Thus arm 82 has The current interrupted by the breaker The knob 9, which is mounted upon the corresponding to the diflercnce in diameterof pin 8* and the hole in arm 8 through which it passes. Spring 88 and set-screw 89 serve to regulate this movement.

What we claim is 1. In a circuit-breaker, the combination of two contacts, one for each terminal, a brush for connecting the same, a carrier for said brush, an auxiliary brush carried by along arm pivoted on said carrier and havingashort arm engaging with a stationary member soas to produce a great movement upon a small movement of its pivot,'and means for actuating said brush-carrier.

2. In a breaker for electric circuits having terminal contacts, means for connecting and disconnecting the same, one of said contacts comprisinga magnet-coil formed of two turns of metal and providing an opening for a stationary core and also an opening for a mov--- able core, said coil passing once around each core.

' 3. In a breaker for an electric circuit having terminal contacts, means for connecting and disconnecting said contacts, pug-of said contacts comprising ':r'serie s -n iagiietcoil, a stationary core therefor-{and a movable core,

the said stationary core being constructed so j that there is a' single' operating air-gap be; tween the same and said movable core,

4. Ina breaker for an electriccircuit having terminal contacts, means for connecting and disconnecting said contacts; one of said con acts comprising a series-magnet-coiL-a stationary core therefoig'and a-movablecore, the said stationary core being constructed so that there is a. single operating air-gap tween the same and said. movable core, and.

means for adjusting. the said air-gap.

5 In a breaker for an electric circuit having terminal contacts, means for' connecting and disconnecting said contacts, one of said contacts comprising a seriesnagmetcoil, a stationary core therefor, and a movable core;

the said'stationary core being constructed so that there is'a single operating air-gap between the same and said movable core, and

the said stationary core being'constructedso that there is'a single operating air-gap between the same and said movable'core, the

said movable core being guided by ball-bearings, substantially as described.

7. A brea..er'for electric circuits having contact-terminals,- brushes adapted tomake' and'break the circuit through said contacts,. means for controlling said brushes,- a seriesmagnet coil in the circuit having-a stationary and a movable core, means for adjustingthe air-gap between the said stationary and mov able cores comprising a rotatable dial, a pinion controlled thereby and sliding rack ion controlled thereby, and a sliding rack ooacting with said pinion, said rack being adapted to support the said movable core, and means for locking said setting-dial at different positions.

- 9. A breaker for electric circuits having contact-terminals, brushes adapted to make, and break the circuit through said contacts.- means for controlling said brushes, a series magnet in the circuit having a stationary and a movable core. means fonadjusting the airgap between the said-stationary and movable cores comprising a rotatable dial, a pinion controlled thereby, and a sliding rack coactingwith said pinion, the said rack being adapted to support the said movable core,"the said dial and pinion being normally. locked by a projection engaging said dial, substantially as described.

10. A setting device for a circuit-breaker, comprising movable and stationary members, a rack adapted to support said movable member, a :pinion coacting with said rack, a dial carried by a shaft'upon which said pinion is mounted, said shaft being slidable inits bear-v ings, said dial being normally locked'and held in positionby a spring, and means for disengaging, said dial and setting the same, substantially as described.

' 11. A breaker for an electric circuit com- I prising contact-terminals, brushes for connecting the same, a pivoted arm for carrying said brushes,- a shuntcircuit around said brushes, contact-blocks in said shunt-circuit,

one. of said blocks being carried by a lever pivotedto said brush-carrying arm, and means for giving to said lever a movement relatively more rapid than that of its supportinggarm.

, said brushes, contact-blocks in said shu'nt-circuit, one of said blocks being carried by a lever pivoted to said brush-carrying arm, a part of said lever coacting with a stationary pin whereby said lever is given a multiplied and' vent the manually-controlled arm from lockextended action, substantially as described.

13. A breaker for an electric circuit having contact-terminals, brushes for connecting the same, a shunt-circuit around said brushes, and means for operating said brushes and contactternunals in said shunt-ciroult whereby said operation as is required to close the same.

7 14. A breaker for an electric circuit having contact-terminals, a brush for connecting the same, said brush being carried by a pivoted carrying arm, a tripping-pawl controlling said locking-arm, automatic, meansfor operating said tripping ,pawl, manually controlled means for operating said tripping-pawl, the said manually-controlled means being inoperative when said automatic means is in operation. v

15. A breaker for an electric circuit having terminal contacts, means for connecting the same, said connecting means being carried by a pivoted arm, a locking-lever controlling said controlled arm for unlocking the same, the said manually-controlled arm also being adaptedto throw said locking-lever'into its locked position.

16. A breaker for electric circuits having contact-terminals, means for connecting and ried by a pivoted arm, a locking-lever cooparm adapted to coact with said lever, a tripping-pawl carrying a hook for locking said lever, automatic means to operate said tripping-pawl, a pin carried by said pawl cooperating with said manually controlled arm, all arranged so that when the parts are in the locked position and said manually-controlled lease said locking-lever and when said parts are unlocked said manually-controlled arm may' return said locking-lever to its locked position;

terminal contacts, means for connecting the same, said connecting means belng carried by arm, means for locking said lever, a manuallycontrolled arm for unlocking the same, the said manually-controlled arm also being adapted to throw said locking-lever into its locked position, and means to automatically unlock said lever on an overload.

terminal contacts, means for connecting the arm, means for locking said lever, a manuallycontrolledarm for unlocking the same, the said manually -controlled arm also being adapted to throw said locking-lever into its locked position, and means to automatically unlock .said lever on anoverload, and means to prei'ng said lever when the circuit is subject to an overload.

circuit may be opened by hand-by the same disconnecting the same, said means being carcrating with said arm, a manually-controlled a pivoted arm, a locking-lever controlling said same, said connecting means being carrieda pivoted arm, a locking-lever controlling said arm, a locking-lever controlling said, brusharm, means for locking said lever, a manuallyarm is withdrawn, said tripping-pawl will re.-

17. A breaker for an electric circuit having I 18. A breaker for an electric circuit having adj ustingthe air-gap betweenthe said station- 19. A ureuxel' foran electric circuit having contact-terminals, brushes for connecting the same, a shunt-circuit around said brushes, and means for operating said brushes and the con- & tact terminals in the said shunt-circuit whereby said circuit may be opened by hand by the sameoperation as is required to close the same, and automatic means to prevent maintaining saidcircuit closed against an overload.

20. Ina

circuit-breaker, a magnet-coil having a stationary and a lnovable core, means for ary and movable cores comprising a rotatable dlaland' pinion controlled thereby and a sliding rack coacting with said pinion, said rack VVILLIAA'I J. LLOYD. GILBERT \VRIU l l'l.

' Witnesses:

C. W. HAMILTON, LEONARD WILSON. 

